Bolivian Indians from the lake of Titikaka built Ra-2. Constructively Ra-2 was made of short papyrus bundles as they saturated less water. Ra-2 departed ÑÀÃ"È and in two months she reached Bridgetown, the capital of Barbados. On Ra-2 the stern was raised sufficiently from the very beginning of the seafaring. Of course, Ra-1 had sunk earlier but it was due to great roughness at sea and the fault of the crew who did not pull the rigging steering the curve of the stern. The known expeditions of Tour Heyerdal on the papyrus rafts Ra-1 (1969) and Ra-2 (1970) showed that papyrus could stand two months of seafaring. But foreseeing the possibility to raise the bow and the stern higher with the help of ropes, Egyptians started their voyages at sea. Her bow and her stern were raised specially to pull her across shallows. The ship was used only for navigation on the river Nile. Firstly it represented itself only a papyrus raft and to about 3500 year B.C. To make matters even more confusing for modern scholars, the term "sister" was often used for "wife," perhaps an indication of the strength of the bond between spouses.Įgyptian ship made of papyrus is one of the ancient in the world. "Uncle" and "brother" (or "sister" and "aunt") were also designated by the same word. For example, the word used to designate "mother" was also used for "grandmother," and the word for "father" was the same as "grandfather" likewise, the terms for "son," "grandson," and "nephew" (or "daughter," "granddaughter," and "niece") were identical. Countless genealogical lists indicate how important family ties were, yet Egyptian kinship terms lacked specific words to identify blood relatives beyond the nuclear family. Respect for one's parents was a cornerstone of morality, and the most fundamental duty of the eldest son (or occasionally daughter) was to care for his parents in their last days and to ensure that they received a proper burial. There was tremendous pride in one's family, and lineage was traced through both the mother's and father's lines. The nuclear family was the core of Egyptian society and many of the gods were even arranged into such groupings.
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